Ryan Laksmana Singgeta, Lianly Rompis, Ignatia Rosali Honandar
Efficient water management is vital for sustainable rice cultivation, particularly in regions that still rely on conventional irrigation practices. This study presents an Internet of Things (IoT)-based irrigation monitoring prototype implementing the Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) method in a rice field plot in Minahasa, Indonesia. The experimental site covers 331.44 m2, representing a typical smallholder rice field in the region. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller with an A02YYUW ultrasonic sensor for water-level measurement, a DHT20 sensor for temperature and humidity monitoring, and an FC-37 sensor for rainfall detection. Sensor data are processed locally, transmitted via Wi-Fi to the ThingSpeak cloud platform, and displayed on a 0.96-inch OLED module. Powered by a 6 V, 3.8 W solar panel and a rechargeable Li-ion battery, the system operates autonomously with low power consumption. Field testing demonstrated high measurement performance, achieving R2 = 0.9994, MAE = 0.18 cm, RMSE = 0.24 cm, and an overall accuracy of 96.78%. The prototype effectively detected AWD thresholds and provided real-time alerts through ThingSpeak, offering a reliable and energy-efficient solution for precision irrigation. ©2025 by authors and Galileo Institute of Technology and Education of the Amazon (ITEGAM).
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado, P.O BOX 95253, Manado, Indonesia
